a 25 year old male and his 46 year old aunt presented with shortness of breath and a dramatic response to steroids. the other two patients are sisters with more advanced disease. one of these responded partially to steroids, while the other died within 4 months of treatment. the genetic basis and pathogenesis are discussed.

A 33-year-old male presented via ambulance to the emergency department (ED) with extreme shortness of breath. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed a heart rate of 158 beats/minute and atrial fibrillation with frequent runs of right bundle branch block-type aberrant conduction. Notable labs included a brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level of 1167 pg/ml (<100pg/ml) and Troponin I of 1.23 ng/ml (<0....

A 44-year-old male presents with shortness of breath, non-productive cough, and chest tightness to the ski clinic in Winter Park, Colorado. He flew from his home town, San Antonio, Texas, three days earlier. Symptoms began the day after arrival and progressively worsened over the course of the last 2 days. Shortness of breath is exacerbated by physical activity and relieved by rest. He tried hi...