The shrew or pulsing DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attacks, also known as RoQ (Reduction of Quality) attacks, are stealthy, periodic, and low-rate in volume. The shrew attacks could be even more detrimental to network resources than the flooding type of DDoS attacks. Shrew attacks appear periodically in low volume, thereby damaging the victim servers for a long time without being detecte...

A limited search for hantaviruses in lung and liver tissues of Sorex shrews (family Soricidae, subfamily Soricinae) revealed phylogenetically distinct hantaviruses in the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) from Minnesota and in the dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus) from New Mexico and Colorado. The discovery of these shrew-borne hantaviruses, named Ash River virus and Jemez Springs virus, respectively,...

Shrews are very vocal animals. We tested behaviourally whether the high-pitched laryngeal 'twittering' calls of as-yet unclear function serve for communication or echo-based orientation. We used a representative species from each of the two largest phylogenetic groups of shrews. In both species, experimental manipulation of substrate density, but not of the likelihood of conspecific presence, a...

background: the prevalence and intensity of endo and ectoparasites in shrews inhabiting in the dasht-e razan of hamedan province, iran, were determined in this study. methods: by live traps, 64 shrews belong to species bicoloured white-toothed shrews ( crocidura leucodon ) were trapped during 2010-2012. captured animals were euthanized and their gender recorded. the blood thick and thin smears ...

Recent genome studies indicate that tree shrew is in the order or a closest sister of primates, and thus may be one of the best animals to model human diseases. In this paper, we report on a social defeat model of depression in tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Two male tree shrews were housed in a pair-cage consisting of two independent cages separated by a wire mesh partition with a do...

Recent molecular evidence of genetically distinct hantaviruses in shrews, captured in widely separated geographical regions, corroborates decades-old reports of hantavirus antigens in shrew tissues. Apart from challenging the conventional view that rodents are the principal reservoir hosts, the newly identified soricid-borne hantaviruses raise the possibility that other soricomorphs, notably ta...

This paper presents a new spectral template-matching approach to countering shrew distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. These attacks are stealthy, periodic, pulsing, and low-rate in attack volume, very different from the flooding type of attacks. They are launched with high narrow spikes in very low frequency, periodically. Thus, shrew attacks may endanger the victim systems for a long...

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate patterns of genetic variation in five species of shrews from southern Illinois, and western Kentucky and Tennessee. Four of the five species occur sympatrically. Twenty-eight presumptive loci were examined in the following species: pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi Baird, southeastern shrew Sorex longirostris, northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicaud...

The stealthy shrew Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attacks, also known as Reduction of Quality (RoQ) attacks, could be even more detrimental than the more widely known flooding DDoS assaults. The reason is that such shrew attacks damage the victim servers for a long time without being noticed, thereby denying new visitors to the victim servers, which are mostly e-commerce sites. Thus, in ...

The monoclonal antibody (MAb), named TSd-1, specific to spermatogenic cells of the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was established and characterized using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. MAb TSd-1 reacted with elongating and matured spermatids in a stage-dependent manner. TSd-1 recognized a 94 kilodalton (kDa) peptide in the plasma membrane and cytosol. Additionally, an extremely weak ...