A clean stream of alkanes from renewable biomass resources is obtained through aqueous-phase reforming in a single reactor. Alkanes are produced from biomass-derived sorbitol through a bifunctional pathway (see scheme) that involves the dehydration of sorbitol on acid sites (SiO2/Al2O3) and hydrogenation of intermediates on a metal catalyst under a H2 atmosphere. Hydrogen is produced from sorbi...

Jump registers were recently proposed [SASC04] as building blocks for stream ciphers. In this paper a construction based on these principles is described. The proposed encryption primitive is a synchronous stream cipher accommodating a key of 128 bits and an IV of 64 up to 162 bits, or an 80-bit key and 32 to 108 bit IV. Version 3 comes as a final submission for the second phase of the eSTREAM ...

the down-flow hanging sponge (dhs) reactor, which was developed for post-treatment of effluent from up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) process treating sewage, uses polyurethane sponge as media to retain biomass. wastewater is trickled from the top of the reactor and purified by microorganisms retained both inside and outside of the sponge media as the wastewater flows vertically down thr...

exergy analysis and response surface methodology (rsm) is applied to reduce the exergy loss and improve energy and exergy efficiency of acetic acid production plant. exergy analysis is run as a thermodynamic tool to assess exergy loss in reactor and towers of acetic acid production process. the process is simulated in aspen plus(v.8.4) simulator and the necessary thermodynamics data for calcula...

In most biochemical analyses, a flow-through heating arrangement is needed to reduce the reaction time or maintain a constant temperature. A rectangular reactor is described that is constructed of aluminium, is hollow inside and is filled with silicone oil. The glass coil through which the solution flows is immersed in the silicone oil. The heater, a Peltier-effect heat pump, on one side and th...

Process intensification refers to technologies and strategies that enable simpler and more efficient processes compared to conventional processes. Some features of such intensified processes are less recycle streams, reduced need for waste handling and lower investment and operating costs compared to conventional processes. One way of doing this is by making two or more process steps simultaneo...

A novel continuous flow process for selective hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde (cinnamaldehyde, CAL) to the unsaturated alcohol (cinnamyl alcohol, COL) has been reported in a tube reactor coated with a Pt/SiO2 catalyst. A 90% selectivity towards the unsaturated alcohol was obtained at the aldehyde conversion of 98.8%. This is a six-fold improvement in the selectivity compared to a bat...

. This report summarizes results of a project to character& air toxic emissions of selected hazardous air pollutants (HAPS) from the AirPol Gas Suspension Absorption SO2 control technology. This project was sponsored by AirPol Inc., the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The GSA process utilizes a semi-dry lime scrubber for SO2 and HCI removal. Most of th...

An interesting problem in chemical reactor theory is finding bounds or targets on a given performance index in a reacting system. Moreover, performance of the reactor subsystem has a key impact on the design of other processing subsystems. It determines the recycle structure of the process, the separation sequence and has a strong influence on the energy and environmental considerations. Howeve...

An optical tweezers directed parallel DNA oligonucleotide synthesis methodology is described in which controlled pore glass (CPG) beads act as solid substrates in a two-stream microfluidic reactor. The reactor contains two parallel sets of physical confinement features that retain beads in the reagent stream for synthetic reaction but allow the beads to be optically trapped and transferred betw...