The hierarchy of arbitrary compositions of two-way nondeterministic finite-state transductions collapses when restricted to finitary transductions, i.e., transductions that produce a finite set of outputs for each input. The hierarchy collapses to the class of nondeterministic MSO definable transductions, which is inside the second level of that hierarchy. It is decidable whether a composition ...

[Purpose] The purpose of this review was to elucidate the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-related hypertensive mechanism and to contribute to future studies of cardiovascular physiotherapy. [Methods] This paper focuses on the signal transductions that control hypertension and its mechanisms. We include results reported by our laboratory in a literature review. [Results] Our results and ...

Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, steroland sphingolipid-enriched domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Many studies have established that membrane rafts play an important role in the process of virus infection cycle and virus-associated diseases. It is well known that many viral components or virus receptors are concentrated in the lipid microdoma...

Formulas from monadic second order (mso) logic with one and two free variables can be used to deene the nodes and edges (respectively) of a graph, in terms of a given graph. Such mso deenable graph transductions play a role in the theory of graph grammars. Here we investigate the special case of trees. The main result is that the mso deenable tree transductions are exactly those tree transducti...

We present the first polynomial algorithm for learning a class of inversion transduction grammars (itgs) that implement context free transducers – functions from strings to strings. The class of transductions that we can learn properly includes all subsequential transductions. These algorithms are based on a generalisation of distributional learning; we prove correctness of our algorithm under ...

Statistical language models are an important tool in natural language processing. They represent prior knowledge about a certain language which is usually gained from a set of samples called a corpus. In this paper, we present a novel way of creating N -gram language models using weighted finite automata. The construction of these models is formalised within the algebra underlying weighted fini...

String transductions that are deenable in monadic second-order (mso) logic (without the use of parameters) are exactly those realized by deterministic two-way nite state transducers. Nondetermin-istic mso deenable string transductions (i.e., those deenable with the use of parameters) corespond to compositions of two nondeterministic two-way nite state transducers that have the nite visit proper...

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a major gatekeeper of extracellular signals on plasma membrane, are unarguably one of the most important therapeutic targets. Given the recent discoveries of allosteric modulations, an allosteric wiring diagram of intramolecular signal transductions would be of great use to glean the mechanism of receptor regulation. Here, by evaluating betweenness centralit...