Precise regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for normal animal development and for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in adults. The Wnt/Frizzled-mediated signaling includes canonical and non-canonical signal transduction pathways. Upregulation or downregulation of the canonical Wnt-signaling (or the Wnt/β-Catenin signal transduction) leads to a variety of human diseas...

chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) is a myeloproliferative disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, characterized by the presence of the philadelphia (ph) chromosome. although imatinib inhibits the bcr-abl kinase activity, clinical experiences confirm that imatinib may not target cml stem cells in vivo. the identification of signaling pathways responsible for the self-renewal properties of leukemic...

Background: TGF-β isoforms play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic opportunity. TGF-β isoforms bind and bring the receptors (TβRII and TβRI) together to form a signaling complex in an ordered manner. Objectives: Herein, an antagonistic variant of TGF-β (AnTβ)...

objective(s): yu-ping-feng-san (ypfs) is a classical traditional chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. however, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-β1)/smad2 si...

Objective(s):To determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Materials and Methods: Medical databases of PubMed and Scopus were searched with following key words: Zebrafish; spinal cord injuries; regeneration; recovery of function. The map of mechanisms was performed using Xmind software. Results: Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, L1.1, L1.2, Major vault prot...

Backgroud: Protein-protein interaction, plays a key role in signal transduction in signaling pathways. Different approaches are used for prediction of these interactions including experimental and computational approaches. In conventional node-edge protein-protein interaction networks, we can only see which proteins interact but ‘structural networks’ show us how these proteins inter...

The current outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)in China threatened humankind worldwide. The coronaviruses contains the largest RNA genome among all other known RNA viruses, therefore the disease etiology can be understood by analyzing the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used an ab-intio based computational tool VMir to scan the complete geno...

our previous study reported that lactobacillus acidophilus ( l.acidophilus )  key laboratory of dairy science  (klds) 1.0738 had an effective impact on inhibiting β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) allergy. this study further investigated the anti-allergic activity of peptidoglycan (pgn) isolated from klds 1.0738. this study aimed to assess whether toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2)/nf-kappab (nf-κb) signaling ac...