(2) Downward infrared radiation Measurements of downward infrared radiation have been conducted since the early 1990s at Tsukuba. A time-series representation of five-year running mean downward infrared radiation until 2010 shows an increasing trend at a rate of about 0.4 W/m per year (Figure 3.3-5). This is consistent with the trend seen in the results of analysis using data from all BSRN stat...

Complex networks serve as generic models for many biological systems that have been shown to share a number of common structural properties such as power-law degree distribution and small-worldness. Real-world networks are composed of building blocks called motifs that are indeed specific subgraphs of (usually) small number of nodes. Network motifs are important in the functionality of complex ...

In this vignette, we show how the functions contained in the R package siggenes can be used to perform both the Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) proposed by Tusher et al. (2001) and the Empirical Bayes Analysis of Microarrays (EBAM) suggested by Efron et al. (2001).

The purpose was to evaluate the traditional method, of visually focusing on the ball, in comparison to focusing on the hole, during the putting stroke. The study design consisted of a pretest, a 4-week practice period, and a posttest. Participants (n = 31, handicap: 18.7 ± 10.4) practised using only one of the two gaze techniques. Testing consisted of having all participants putt using both gaz...

BACKGROUND When using the change-in-estimate criterion, a cutoff of 10% is commonly used to identify confounders. However, the appropriateness of this cutoff has never been evaluated. This study investigated cutoffs required under different conditions. METHODS Four simulations were performed to select cutoffs that achieved a significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, using linear regression...

Final state phases in B → Dπ, ¯ Dπ decays are calculated. The CP-violating asymmetry A (t) is shown to be independent of strong phases due to their cancellation. An estimate of A (t) is given so as to determine sin (2β + γ). Time dependent B-decays are a good source of our knowledge regarding CP-violation (For a review see for example refrences [1] and [2]). In particular it is convienent to wr...