Background and Purpose Redundant internal carotid arteries have been considered a risk factor in tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and surgical treatment of peritonsillar abscess and also a potentially treatable cause of stroke. However, an association between internal carotid artery redundancy and spontaneous dissection has not yet been clearly demonstrated. Methods We reviewed, for spontaneous ca...

Scientists are interested in how gene expression levels may vary under different treatments. They want to know which genes are expressed differently under treatment conditions and control conditions. Gene expression microarray data are modeled to find significant changes in gene expression levels between a control and treatment tissue co-hybridized on one slide. The model used is the Bayesian h...