CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells differentiate from common precursors in the thymus after T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated selection. Commitment to the helper lineage depends on persistent TCR signals and expression of the ThPOK transcription factor, whereas a ThPOK cis-regulatory element, ThPOK silencer, represses Thpok gene expression during commitment to the cytotoxic lineage. Here, ...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: NMD: Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay; ISE: Intronic Splicing Enhancer; ESE: Exonic Splicing Enhancer; ISS: Intronic Splicing Silencer; ESS: Exonic Splicing Silencer; PTC: Premature Termination Codon; ASC: Adenosquamous Carcinoma; NAS: Nonsense-associated Altered Splicing; NASRE: NonsenseAssociated Altered Splicing of a Remote Exon; ASO: ...

The HMR-E silencer is a DNA element that directs the formation of silent chromatin at the HMRa locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sir1p is one of four Sir proteins required for silent chromatin formation at HMRa. Sir1p functions by binding the origin recognition complex (ORC), which binds to HMR-E, and recruiting the other Sir proteins (Sir2p to -4p). ORCs also bind to hundreds of nonsilencer p...

During development of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the periphery, differential expression of cytokine genes, such as those of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4, occurs in distinct T-cell subsets. IL-4 is a cytokine produced by T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, and the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R)-mediated signaling pathway is thought to be required for commitment to the Th2 phenotype. However, the molecular basis for develo...

pp52 (LSP1) is a leukocyte-speci®c phosphoprotein that binds the cytoskeleton and has been implicated in affecting cytoskeletal remodeling in a variety of leukocyte functions, including cell motility and chemotaxis. The expression of pp52 is restricted to leukocytes by a 549 bp tissue-speci®c promoter. Here, we show that promoter fragments smaller than the 549 bp pp52 promoter have activity in ...

The bullet, which is activated by the firing of gunpowder in gun silencer, comes out gun's barrel. In meantime, an irritating muzzle blast sound heard that lasts for a few milliseconds. With this explosion, acoustic waves are formed independent bullet's path motion. study, silencer can be attached to low-power 9 mm firearm modeled. Afterward, impact holes with same area drilled different geomet...

Transcriptional regulation of human genes depends not only on promoters and nearby cis-regulatory elements, but also on distal regulatory elements such as enhancers, insulators, locus control regions, and silencing elements, which are often located far away from the genes they control. Our knowledge of human distal regulatory elements is very limited, but the last several years have seen rapid ...

Internal combustion engines and blowers frequently utilize silencers to reduce exhaust noise. In the current paper, transmission loss of reactive is predicted using plane wave decomposition method a three-dimensional (3-D) time-domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. A mass-flow-inlet boundary condition first used perform steady flow computation, which serves as an initial for two s...