The septation initiation network (SIN) regulates aspects of cell growth and division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and is essential for cytokinesis. Insufficient signalling results in improper assembly of the contractile ring and failure of cytokinesis, generating multinucleated cells, whereas too much SIN signalling uncouples cytokinesis from the rest of the cell cycle. SIN signalling is theref...

Timing of cell division is coordinated by the Septation Initiation Network (SIN) in fission yeast. SIN activation is initiated at the two spindle pole bodies (SPB) of the cell in metaphase, but only one of these SPBs contains an active SIN in anaphase, while SIN is inactivated in the other by the Cdc16-Byr4 GAP complex. Most of the factors that are needed for such asymmetry establishment have b...

(b) Give a general real solution of the homogeneous equation Ly = 0. Solution. A general solution is y = c1e −2t cos(3t) + c2e −2t sin(3t) + c3 cos(7t) + c4 sin(7t) + c5t cos(7t) + c6t sin(7t) + c7e 5t + c8t e 5t + c9t e + c10e −3t + c11 + c12t . The reasoning is as follows: • the single conjugate pair −2± i3 yields e cos(3t) and e sin(3t); • the double conjugate pair ±i7 yields cos(7t) , sin(7...

I. PROBLEM FORMULATION The Furuta pendulum consists of an arm rotating in the horizontal plane and a pendulum attached to the end of the arm moving freely in the vertical plane, see Fig. 1. The equations of motion of the Furuta pendulum, derived from the standard Euler-Lagrange dynamics, are1 (α + β sin θ)φ̈ + γ cos θθ̈ + 2βθ̇φ̇ sin θ cos θ − γθ̇ sin θ = τφ, γ cos θφ̈ + βθ̈ − βφ̇ sin θ cos θ − δ sin θ ...

3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is used as a donor of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in various studies. We demonstrated, however, that, the cell-culture medium remains cytotoxic to PC12 cells even after almost complete SIN-1 decomposition, suggesting that reaction product(s) in the medium, rather than ONOO(-), exert cytotoxic effects. Here, we clarified that significant cytotoxicity persists after SI...

The continuous repetition of Christian de Duve’s primary thesis in Genetics of Original Sin ensures that however little the reader understands or is interested in biology, he will have no doubt as to the author’s primary concern: Natural selection has made humans poor prognosticators. As evolutionary adaptation is all about living (and reproducing) in the moment, humans have evolved some unfort...

T here is no denying that the recent papal encyclical, Laudato si’, represents a sea change in official Catholic social teaching.1 For one thing, it is addressed not simply to the bishops nor even to each member of the Catholic Church but to “every person living on this planet” (§3); for another, it speaks from the perspective of the global South and names the debts owed by the North to the Sou...