Changes in frequency of record-breaking land surface temperature over Earth's since 1980 are assessed here using six different gridded datasets comprising monthly mean air and weather station data retrieved from Global Historical Climatology Network NOAA Summary the Day. The 2010–2020 decade was warmest history modern measurements for more than one third Earth surface, i.e., Europe, United Stat...

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the climate through its transport heat in North Ocean. Decadal changes AMOC, whether internal variability or anthropogenically forced weakening, therefore have wide-ranging impacts. In this Review, we synthesize understanding contemporary decadal bringing together evidence from observations, ocean reanalyses, models an...