Abstract This article reflects on how the concept of regionalism has been used to explain and interpret Central Asian politics since independence. It argues that regionalism, often a norm-laden analytical category based Eurocentric assumptions, tends paint region as “failed” regional states incapable institutionalizing multilateral relations. In its place, suggests order, which is more neutral ...

The roots of the Lithuanian political system precede emergence modern state in 1918 by several decades. For over a hundred years before independence, Lithuania was an integrated part imperial tsarist Russia, and 1940–1991, union republic USSR. After regaining independence 1991, while shaping new system, elite decided to refer systemic institutional patterns from short period functioning democra...

adjudication independence can be studied in two areas namely independency of judicial power and independency of judge. the first one is based on the separation of powers theory but judge independence means its freedom from parties and their attorneys and its independence in intern of judiciary power. this sense of independence has two objectives: 1) judge's freedom in applying the law to f...

India gained a new economic orientation in 1991 following the policy of liberalization. It offered opportunities to close gender gap various fields including political field as visualized original goal Indian constitution. However, there is an acute underrepresentation women at national level and lack evidence-based research studies analyze this gap. This study maps trajectories 13 elected lead...