human epidermal growth factor receptor (her) family plays an important role in various types of cancers. as a result, antibodies against her and the mechanism of antigen-antibody binding action are under active investigation. we previously constructed a single-chain variable fragment (scfv) against her2, i.e. anti-her2 scfv, for expressing in the escherichia coli . in the present study, we repo...

objective(s): as t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (tim-3) is an immune regulatory molecule; its blocking or stimulating could alter the pattern of immune response towards a desired condition. based on the unique features of nanobodies, we aimed to construct an anti-tim-3 nanobody as an appropriate tool for manipulating immune responses for future therapeutic purposes. materials and meth...

A single-chain antibody construct was prepared containing the VH and VL regions of anti-(integrin alpha 4) antibody HP1/2, an interchain linker and a KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention sequence. Intracellular expression of this single-chain antibody caused cell-surface expression of alpha 4 beta 1 integrin to be decreased by 80% on selected RD cells and by 65-100% on selected Jurkat cells, re...

T-cell receptors (TCRs) are membrane anchored heterodimers structurally related to antibody molecules. Single-chain antibodies can be engineered by linking the two variable domains, which fold properly by themselves. However, proper assembly of the variable domains of a human TCR (V alpha and V beta) that recognize the HLA-DR2b/myelin basic protein-(85-99) peptide complex was critically depende...