OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of final irrigation protocols with chlorhexidine in the coronal leakage of Enterococcus faecalis in filled root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy single-root canals from extracted teeth were prepared using ProTaper instruments. The irrigation protocol accomplished an alternating irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) and 17% EDTA between ...

An irrigation scheduling model (ISM) consisting of a database management system (DBMS), model base and graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for performing irrigation scheduling under various management options for both single and multiple ®elds. The ISM is based on a daily water balance approach and uses climatological, crop and soil data as input. Depending on the availability of clima...

The Water Administration System (WAS) is designed to be a management tool for irrigation schemes and water control offices that want to manage their water accounts and supply water to clients through canal networks, pipelines and rivers. The ultimate aim of WAS is to optimise irrigation water management and minimise management-related distribution losses in irrigation canals. This research proj...

Endodontic irrigation aims to clean and disinfect the root canal system. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is based on the use of an ultrasound-activated instrument into the root canal filled with irrigant. The aim of this study was to evaluate, ex vivo, the effectiveness of PUI in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from root canals. Seventy-five extracted human single-root teeth were used. Af...

Water storage pit irrigation method is a new method used suitably in orchard irrigation in arid or semi-arid area. The use of this method not only can make roots deeper to have the capacity of drought resistance, but also can storage rain water and reduce soil erosion. However, its theory must be studied further. The varying head infiltration in single storage pit of homogeneous soil was tested...

BACKGROUND Open irrigation and débridement is the standard of treatment for septic arthritis of the wrist. Although isolated cases of arthroscopic irrigation and débridement have been reported, a comparison of arthroscopic and open techniques has not been performed, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of management. METHODS A retrospective comparison of ...

This study evaluated the bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to root canal dentin after the performance of various irrigation procedures to remove triple antibiotic paste (TAP). A total of 56 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented using a rotary system to size 40 and divided randomly into a control group (no intracanal dressing) and three experimental groups (T...

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of ultrasonically or laser (Nd:YAG or diode) activated irrigation on the irrigating solution extrusion compared to non-activated syringe irrigation. METHODS Extracted mandibular premolar teeth (n = 48) with single canals were instrumented. The teeth were secured through the lid of an Eppendorf tube filled with 1.0 mL distilled ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three root canal irrigation solutions on the apical sealing ability of three root canal obturation materials: gutta-percha/AH plus or MM-seal and Resilon/Epiphany SE. A total of 100 teeth with single straight root canals were randomly divided into three equal groups of 30 samples each, with the other 10 teeth (5 positive and 5 negative) used as ...

This paper presents a genetic algorithm GA model for obtaining an optimal operating policy and optimal crop water allocations from an irrigation reservoir. The objective is to maximize the sum of the relative yields from all crops in the irrigated area. The model takes into account reservoir inflow, rainfall on the irrigated area, intraseasonal competition for water among multiple crops, the so...