The abundance and sinking of particulate black carbon (PBC) were examined for the first time in the western Arctic and Subarctic Oceans. In the central Arctic Ocean, high PBC concentrations with a mean of 0.021 ± 0.016 μmol L(-1) were observed in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). A number of parameters, including temperature, salinity and (234)Th/(238)U ratios, indicated that both the rapid release ...

In reflecting on events of considerable significance, it is commonplace to remark that ‘it hasn’t sunk in yet’ or ‘it’s still sinking in’. Such talk sometimes associated with things seeming unreal, surreal, unfathomable, somehow impossible. this paper, I develop an account what these experiences consist of. First all, suggest they involve explicitly acknowledging the reality one’s situation, wh...

Y ou are doing a breast reduction. You have chosen a vertical flap and inverted T incision. You like the vertical reduction and medial pedicle because there is a shorter incision , but you think there will be too much skin excess, so it will be better to excise it now. For some reason, every time you do the inferior pedicle the base of the pedicle becomes thin and narrow. This worries you. You ...

Since the beginning of the 1980s seismic tomography studies have helped to unravel the deep structure and to constrain the kinematic models of tectonic evolution of Italy. In this chapter I describe the main features of the upper mantle structure beneath the Tyrrhenian – Apennine system obtained by jointly analysing the tomographic results with the distribution of subcrustal earthquakes. A new ...

Sinking organic matter in the North Atlantic Ocean transfers 1–3 Gt carbon yr from the surface ocean to the interior. The majority of this exported material is thought to be in form of large, rapidly sinking particles that aggregate during or after the spring phytoplankton bloom. However, recent work has suggested that intermittent water column stratification resulting in the termination of dee...