This paper describes the separation of two of the most widely used explosive compounds, RDX (1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3, 5-triazacyclohexane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7tetraazacyclooctane). A simple antisolvent phase separation process to obtain >99% pure RDX from an explosive mixture consisting of RDX (≈90%) and HMX (≈10%) was developed. The process does not require modifications to the exist...

Thermodynamic properties of β-HMX crystal are investigated using the quasi-harmonic approximation and density functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and GGA + empirical van der Waals (vdW) correction. It is found that GGA well describes the thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity but fails to produce correct bulk modulus...

Abstract In this paper, confined explosions of HMX-based thermobaric explosives in a spherical chamber were studied. The effects 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) on the explosion performances and afterburning obtained by changing its content. results showed that composition (HMX/FOX-7) enhanced total impulse, but effect improving initial energy quasi-static pressure (QSP) was slight. alu...

BACKGROUND The defect structure of organic materials is important as it plays a major role in their crystal growth properties. It also can play a subcritical role in "hot-spot" detonation processes of energetics and one such energetic is cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine, in the commonly used beta form (β-HMX). RESULTS The as-grown crystals grown by evaporation from acetone show prismatic, t...

Despite extensive efforts on studying the decomposition mechanism of HMX under extreme condition, an intrinsic understanding of mechanical and chemical response processes, inducing the initial chemical reaction, is not yet achieved. In this work, the microscopic dynamic response and initial decomposition of β-HMX with (1 0 0) surface and molecular vacancy under shock condition, were explored by...

The molecular architecture of developing serotonin (5HT) neurons is poorly understood, yet its determination is likely to be essential for elucidating functional heterogeneity of these cells and the contribution of serotonergic dysfunction to disease pathogenesis. Here, we describe the purification of postmitotic embryonic 5HT neurons by flow cytometry for whole-genome microarray expression pro...

Enzyme catalyzed biotransformation of the energetic chemical octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) is not known. The present study describes a xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzed biotransformation of HMX to provide insight into the biodegradation pathway of this energetic chemical. The rates of biotransformation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were 1.6+/-0.2 and 10.5+/-0.9 n...

The anaerobic biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by a methanogenic mixed culture was investigated. Microcosms containing a basal medium and the mixed culture were amended with ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), butyrate or hydrogen gas as the electron donor and a mixture of TNT (50...

Abstract To explore the application of micro-sized B-Al (boron-aluminum) compound powder in enhanced blast explosive(EBX) and thermobaric explosive(TBX), three HMX-based explosives containing (PF-1, PF-2 PF-3)were designed prepared. The ignition combustion characteristics various samples (micro- nano-sized B, powders without with HMX) under different pressures atmospheres were studied by a lase...

Criterion for contacting is critically important for the Generalized Interpolation Material Point(GIMP) method. We present an improved criterion by adding a switching function. With the method dynamical response of high melting explosive(HMX) with cavities under shock is investigated. The physical model used in the present work is an elastic-to-plastic and thermal-dynamical model with Mie-Grüne...