Coping-skills training (CST) and cue-exposure treatment (CET) are two relatively new approaches in alcoholism treatment. With CST, the therapist tries to strengthen the patient's skills in coping with situations associated with a high risk of drinking. These skills can be specific to certain high-risk situations or involve general social skills. Specific CST treatment approaches include relapse...

Drawing upon Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives as a theoretical framework, this study examines attitudes toward communication skills training, knowledge of appropriate provider-patient communication, and confidence communicating with patients between first-year and fourth-year medical students at a large medical school in the southern United States. The study findings indicate that fou...

Although there is evidence for age-related changes in both cognition and motor control, very little is known about the effect of age on learning of new motor skills. The present experiment addressed the interaction between aging and the role of knowledge of results (KR) on a motor learning task. Using a three-segment task on which each segment had specific timing goals, three different manipula...

Three experiments were conducted to determine if the intention to perform motor sequences in the future results in similar patterns of activation and inhibition as observed for verbal scripts. In Experiments 1 and 2, intention was induced by informing one group that they would be tested on the tasks following acquisition; the other group was not informed of the retention test. Recognition tests...

The present experiment was designed to test the predictions of the constrained-action hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that when performers utilize an internal focus of attention (focus on their movements) they may actually constrain or interfere with automatic control processes that would normally regulate the movement, whereas an external focus of attention (focus on the movement effect) ...

AIMS This study investigated the association between literacy skills and self-reported health among Danish ( n = 7284), Finnish ( n = 5454), Norwegian ( n = 4942) and Swedish ( n = 4555) participants aged 16-65 years. METHODS Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between literacy skills and self-reported health after adjusting for sex, age and educational level. RES...

As a result of increasing complexity in mechanisms of control, attention has been directed towards certain aspects of motor skill which are found to be of particular importance in the design of machines for human operation. A typical function is that of tracking, in which the operator is required to maintain alignment continuously between an indicator and some moving object or point, as in trai...

A recent study has provided surprising new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying our ability to transfer a learned motor skill from one hand to the other.

Humans have a prodigious capacity to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Being distracted while, for example, performing a complex motor skill adds complexity to a task and thus leads to a performance impairment. Yet, it may not be just the presence or absence of a distraction that affects motor performance. Instead, the characteristics of the distraction may play a critical role in affectin...