We have simulated diffuse reflectance spectra of skin by assuming a wavelength-independent scattering coefficient for the different skin tissues and using the known wavelength dependence of the absorption coefficient of oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin and water. A stochastic Monte Carlo method is used to convert the wavelength-dependent absorption coefficient and wavelength-independent scattering coe...

Objective: To study the effect of two different microemulsions containing Beackea frutescence supplements composed of nerolidool, selenium and vitamin E on absorption effect related to skin health and skin aging. Materials and methods: A total of 39 volunteers with normal and healthy skin were divided into three groups (n = 13) and supplemented for a period of 12 weeks. Group 1 received a mixtu...

Excised human skin is utilized for in vitro permeation experiments to evaluate the safety and effect of topically-applied drugs by measuring its skin permeation and concentration. However, ethical considerations are the major problem for using human skin to evaluate percutaneous absorption. Moreover, large variations have been found among human skin specimens as a result of differences in age, ...

The systemic uptake of chloroform from dilute aqueous solutions into live hairless rats under conditions simulating dermal environmental exposure was studied. Whole blood was sampled during a 30-min immersion of an animal within water containing a known concentration of chloroform and then for 5.5 h following its removal from the bath. The amount of chloroform systemically absorbed was determin...

The literature on lead toxicology has been critically reviewed to provide a safety assessment of lead acetate as a hair colouring. The main objectives were: (i) to determine the additional lead contribution from hair-colouring use to the total daily environmental lead intake; and (ii) to assess the toxicological significance of this additional contribution. The review also focuses attention on ...

Poor penetration of diclofenac through in vitro rat dorsal skin including subcutaneous tissue was observed. The poor penetration of diclofenac seemed to be predominIntly due to the poor permeability of the stratum corneum. Hydrogenated soya phospholipids (phospholipid) in aqueous gel form increased the penetration of diclofenac in the in vitro study, by increasing diclofenac transport through t...

The European Union has published a list of dangerous chemicals, along with classification and labeling; in 1997 the list was adapted to the requirements of Polish regulations and has been continuously updated since then. We have decided to adopt data on dangerous chemicals classification in the list referring to their dermal absorption to assess whether the skin notation is required in the maxi...

background it has been shown that topical nanoliposomal formulations improve burn healing process. on the other hand, it has been shown that liposomal formulations increase drug deposition in the normal skin while decrease their systemic absorption there is not such data available for burn eschar. present investigation studies permeation of clindamycin phosphate (cp) through burn eschar from li...

Glycol ethers are solvents widely used alone and as mixtures in industrial and household products. Some glycol ethers have been shown to have a range of toxic effects in humans following absorption and metabolism to their aldehyde and acid metabolites. This study assessed the influence of water mixtures on the dermal absorption of butoxyethanol and ethoxyethanol in vitro through human skin. But...