It is well known that anisotropy plays an important role in discharge of groundwater to lakes; groundwater flows almost horizontally to a lake then over a short distance changes direction to an almost vertical direction in the vicinity of or right below the lake. At this scale anisotropy becomes important. However, usually most simulation studies assume that the principal directions of the hydr...

[1] This work quantifies and explains the direct physical effects of slope angle on infiltration and runoff generation by extending the Green-Ampt equation onto sloping surfaces. A new extended solution using identical precipitation hydrographs was compared to the original formulation and then used to calculate the infiltration and runoff generation for different slope angles but for identical ...

Modeling atmospheric CO2 concentration profiles and fluxes above sloping terrain at a boreal site T. Aalto, J. Hatakka, U. Karstens, M. Aurela, T. Thum, and A. Lohila Climate and Global Change Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 100164, 07701 Jena, Germany Received: 30 August 2005 – Accepted: 13 Sep...

Standing on a gently sloping straight beach, it is a matter of observation that various waveforms propagate on the surface of the sea. Among these we find edge waves water waves that progress along the shoreline. These waves, often difficult to visualize (this has, probably, prevented the regarding of this waveform as important for a long time), are coastal trapped, i.e. their amplitude is maxi...

BACKGROUND While testing suprathreshold word recognition at multiple levels is considered best practice, studies on practice patterns do not suggest that this is common practice. Audiologists often test at a presentation level intended to maximize recognition scores, but methods for selecting this level are not well established for a wide range of hearing losses. PURPOSE To determine the pres...