Hans Christian Oersted first heated potassium amalgam with aluminum chloride and produced tiny pieces of aluminum in 1825. This was twenty years after Sir Humphrey Davy first named the metal “aluminum.” Davy was the first to use electrolysis to produce samples of potassium, sodium, strontium, calcium, barium, magnesium and boron. He tried unsuccessfully for many years to produce aluminum by ele...

In this paper we develop a policy model for pollution control investment and operational decisions in the copper industry. The system consists of (i) a nonlinear integer model to optimize smelter operations, including the investment decisions relating to smelting capacity and pollution control plants that complies with environmental regulations, and (ii) a network flow model to describe the eco...

Lake Matano includes a complex of sites related to an iron-smelting industry that developed at the northeast tip South Sulawesi between 8th and 17th centuries AD. The include recently discovered underwater which possibly submerged because earthquake had occurred in region. An interesting finding each site is presence flaked artifacts from chert. This raises question what was role chert local tr...

The practice of manganese ferroalloy smelting has traditionally been based on utilising oxide ores which typically contain a high level of manganese. This preference for oxides has even been extended to the modification of natural carbonates into nodulized oxides. However smelting practices developed over the past 30 years have created a market for natural manganese carbonate ores, driven in pa...

This paper examines the development of the new EnPot heat exchanger technology for aluminium smelters and the potential impact it could have on the sustainability and economics of primary aluminium production. The EnPot technology can be used to help the aluminium smelting industry be part of the solution to accommodate increased intermittency in our future renewable energy generation, post COP...

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between indium exposure concentration in the respirable dust fraction (In-E) and indium in serum (In-S) in workers. METHODS A total of 39 workers were studied. The study subjects were categorized into 3 groups, namely, smelting workers (n=7), ITO workers (n=6) in an ITO grinding plant, and other workers (n=26). In-E and In-S ranged from 0.0...