In this preliminary study, we have investigated whether dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air or indirectly from clothing can be a meaningful exposure pathway. Two participants wearing only shorts and a third participant wearing clean cotton clothes were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), generated by mechanically "smoking" cigarettes, for three hours in a chamber while breathi...

s The number of children and young people starting to smoke is increasing. As 82% of smokers take up the habit during teenage years the increasing rates of young smokers will eventually feed through into adult smoking rates. s The uptake of smoking is a complex process and is rarely a single distinct event. A factor strongly associated with decisions to start smoking is the influence of family ...

OBJECTIVES To explain why, contrary to national trends, adult California African-American (AA) smoking prevalence remains higher than for non-Hispanic Whites (W) and to explore how future rates might change. METHODS Data from the random-digit-dialed California Tobacco Surveys from 1990 to 2002 (N=16,000-21,000) allowed for the examination of differences in current smoking prevalence, ever smo...

Chronic diseases became the leading killer in the USA in the 1960s. Over the next 40 yrs the age-adjusted mortality rate for heart disease, stroke and cancers steadily decreased, whereas the mortality rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) steadily increased [2, 3]. There are a variety of reasons for this, although the history of the smoking epidemic with uptake by males in the f...

OBJECTIVE China has about 350 million smokers, more commonly men. Using data from National Health Service Surveys conducted in 1993, 1998 and 2003, we (i) estimated trends in smoking prevalence and cessation according to sociodemographic variables and (ii) analysed cessation rates, quitting intentions, reasons for quitting and reasons for relapsing. METHODS Data were collected from approximat...

BACKGROUND There is evidence that smoking is associated with poorer mental health. However, the underlying mechanisms for this remain unclear. We used longitudinal data to assess whether smoking uptake, or failed quit attempts, are associated with increased psychological distress. METHODS Data were used from Waves 3 (2004/05), 5 (2006/07) and 7 (2008/09) of the longitudinal New Zealand Survey...

OBJECTIVE To compare the rates and predictors of smoking uptake between adolescents speaking English and those speaking a language other than English (LOTE) at home. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of year 7 and 8 students (aged 12 and 13 years) was conducted in 1994 and repeated 12 months later. A cohort of students was identified with respondents at baseline matched at follow up. chi 2 and ...