Snake bite is an important and serious global health issue. Till date anti snake venom serum is the only therapeutic remedy available for treating the snake bite victims. Infusion of ASV may lead to adverse reactions ranging from pruritus, urticaria to potentially fatal anaphylaxis. The development of ASV is also a costly and time consuming process requiring ideal storage conditions. Though Ant...

The hydrolytic action of snake venom phosphodiesterase on poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) was investigated in comparison with that of rat liver phosphodiesterase. The purified polymer, labeled with s2P or 14C, was partially hydrolyzed with snake venom phosphodiesterase and passed through a Sephadex G-50 column. The resulting elution profiles showed the existence of degradation products with ...

In our previous report, rosmarinic acid (RA) was revealed to be an antidote active compound in Argusia argentea (family: Boraginaceae). The plant is locally used in Okinawa in Japan as an antidote for poisoning from snake venom, Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu). This article presents mechanistic evidence of RA's neutralization of the hemorrhagic effects of snake venom. Anti-hemorrhagic activity...

Snake bite cases in Malaysia most often involve the species Naja-naja and Calloselasma rhodostoma. In keeping with the need for a rapid snake venom detection kit in a clinical setting, plate and dot-ELISA test for the venoms of Naja-naja sumatrana, Calloselasma rhodostoma and the cobra venom fraction V antigen was developed. Polyclonal antibodies were raised and further used to prepare the reag...

Attempts to reconstruct the evolutionary history of snake toxins in the context of their co-option to the venom gland rarely account for nonvenom snake genes that are paralogous to toxins, and which therefore represent important connectors to ancestral genes. In order to reevaluate this process, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic survey on body tissues from a venomous snake. A nonredunda...

In the present study, we investigated anti-cancer effect of snake venom activated NK cells (NK-92MI) in lung cancer cell lines. We used snake venom (4 μg/ml) treated NK-92MI cells to co-culture with lung cancer cells. There was a further decrease in cancer cell growth up to 65% and 70% in A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines respectively, whereas 30-40% was decreased in cancer cell growth by snake veno...

Elapid snake venom is a highly valuable, but till now mainly unexplored, source of pharmacologically important peptides. We analyzed the peptide fractions with molecular masses up to 10 kDa of two elapid snake venoms-that of the African cobra, N. m. mossambica (genus Naja), and the Peninsula tiger snake, N. scutatus, from Kangaroo Island (genus Notechis). A combination of chromatographic method...

Sea snake envenomation is a serious occupational hazard in tropical waters. In Malaysia, the beaked sea snake (Hydrophis schistosus, formerly known as Enhydrina schistosa) and the spine-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis curtus, formerly known as Lapemis curtus or Lapemis hardwickii) are two commonly encountered species. Australian CSL sea snake antivenom is the definitive treatment for sea snake env...

Only few studies on snake venoms were dedicated to deeply characterize the toxin secretion of animals from the Colubridae family, despite the fact that they represent the majority of snake diversity. As a consequence, some evolutionary trends observed in venom proteins that underpinned the evolutionary histories of snake toxins were based on data from a minor parcel of the clade. Here, we inves...

abstract background and objective: snake venom is a complex of several toxic elements and enzymes. it has the agents with the ability to destroy cellular and subcellular membrane and to bring about hemolysis of red blood cells (rbc). two types of direct and indirect hemolytic activity are known in snake venom in that phospholipase a2 is responsible for the indirect lysis. the aim of this study ...