Sniffing and whisking are two rhythmic orofacial motor activities that enable rodents to localize and track objects in their environment. They have related temporal dynamics, possibly as a result of both shared musculature and shared sensory tasks. Sniffing and whisking also constitute the overt expression of an animal's anticipation of a reward. Yet, the neuronal mechanisms that underlie the c...

In this paper, we propose to integrate an Environmental Sniffing [1] framework, into an in-vehicle hands-free digit recognition task. The framework of Environmental Sniffing is focused on detection, classification and tracking changing acoustic environments. Here, we extend the framework to detect and track acoustic environmental conditions in a noisy-speech audio stream. Knowledge extracted ab...

In today’s environment we cannot think about internet. It has the interface of client and server. After analysing several research studies, we conclude that the communication between client and server may suffer from several security concerns like Denial of Service (DoS) attack, Content Sniffing Attack and Replay attack. In this paper we mainly concentrate on content sniffing attack. We survey ...

Sniffing is a characteristic odor sampling behavior in various mammalian species, which is associated with an increase in both nasal airflow rate and breathing frequency. Although the importance of sniffing in olfaction is well recognized, it has been challenging to separate the effect of airflow rate and sniffing frequency in vivo. In this study, we examined the individual effects of airflow r...

BACKGROUND The sniffing position is often considered optimal for direct laryngoscopy. Another concept of airway configuration involving a laryngeal vestibule axis and two curves has also been suggested. We investigated whether this theory can be supported mathematically and if it supports the sniffing position as being optimal for direct laryngoscopy. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging scans ...

A recent study shows that subordinate rats reduce their rate of sniffing while dominants explore their faces thus delaying dominants' subsequent aggression. Sniffing not only facilitates acquisition of olfactory information, but unexpectedly, also serves as a medium for communication.

To understand the characteristics of the wireless networks, the network usage data from wireless measurement tools are essential. The data collection is a process of collecting the network time-varying information in standardized formats and from standard interfaces. The characteristics of the wireless networks include, signal propagation, received signal quality, network traffic, active applic...

BACKGROUND The ability of good glottis visualization during direct laryngoscopy is major determinant of easy tracheal intubation. Sniffing position for laryngoscopy is considered as gold standard and ideal position. Several studies have questioned the validation of sniffing potion. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare relative efficacy of sniffing position and simple head extension for visua...

AIMS The sniffing position is considered to be the standard position for direct laryngoscopic viewing. This crossover study evaluated age and gender as variables in comparing the benefits of the sniffing position over simple head extension for laryngeal view during direct laryngoscopy. METHODS Laryngoscopy with a curved blade was performed on 200 anesthetized adults (100 males, 100 females) p...