Nitrite and nitrate restore deficient endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production as they are converted back to NO, and therefore complement the classic enzymatic NO synthesis. Circulating nitrate and nitrite must cross membrane barriers to produce their effects and increased nitrate concentrations may attenuate the nitrite influx into cells, decreasing NO generation from nitrite. Moreover, xanthin...

PURPOSE Sodium nitrite, a food additive that is used as a color fixative and preservative for meats and fish, has been reported to have adverse health effects due to increased oxidative stress that could be harmful to different organs including the liver. Meanwhile, silymarin protects against hepatotoxicity caused by a variety of agents, on account of its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory eff...

A long-term sodium nitrite infusion is intended for the treatment of vascular disorders. Phase I data demonstrated a significant nonlinear dose-exposure-toxicity relationship within the therapeutic dosage range. This study aims to develop a quantitative systems pharmacology model characterizing nitric oxide (NO) metabolome and methemoglobin after sodium nitrite infusion. Nitrite, nitrate, and m...

Sodium nitrite, a common food additive, exists widely not only in the environment but also in our body. Excessive nitrite causes toxicological effects on human health; however, whether it affects vertebrate heart valve development remains unknown. In vertebrates, developmental defects of cardiac valves usually lead to congenital heart disease. To understand the toxic effects of nitrite on valvu...

Nitrite toxicity can reach to human, animal, bird and experimentally to laboratory animals by direct and indirect methods. Our experiment evaluated the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid treatment against sodium nitrite toxicity in female Sprague drawly rats. The rats orally given normal distilled water served as control (gp 1). The rats orally given sodium nitrite at 1.5 mg/rat equivalent 1...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential regulator of ischemic vascular remodeling, and as such therapies augmenting its bioavailability may be useful for the treatment of ischemic tissue diseases. Here we examine the effect of administering the NO prodrug sodium nitrite on arteriogenesis activity during established tissue ischemia. Chronic hindlimb ischemia was induced by permanent unilateral femoral ...

The combined effects of pH, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite were studied by using a dialysis sac technique in brain heart infusion broth. Growth and enterotoxin A production by Staphylococcus aureus strain 100 were found to decrease with the addition of sodium nitrite, with a decrease in pH from 7.0, and with an increase in sodium chloride concentration. The significance of these results is...

Recent studies show that pulmonary vasodilator responses to nitrite are enhanced by hypoxia. However, the mechanism by which nitrite is converted to vasoactive nitric oxide (NO) is uncertain. In the present study, intravenous injections of sodium nitrite decreased pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and increased cardiac output. The decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure were enhanced w...

RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is reduced in the setting of heart failure. Nitrite (NO2) is a critically important NO intermediate that is metabolized to NO during pathological states. We have previously demonstrated that sodium nitrite ameliorates acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE No evidence exists as to whether increasing NO bioavailability via nitrite th...