The aim of this paper is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of int-soft positive implicative ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between an int-soft ideal and an int-soft positive implicative ideal are established. Cha...

In the study of double-loop computer networks, the diagrams known as L-shapes arise as a graphical representation of an optimal routing for every graph’s node. The description of these diagrams provides an efficient method for computing the diameter and the average minimum distance of the corresponding graphs. We extend these diagrams to multiloop computer networks. For each Cayley digraph with...

A left almost semigroup (LA-semigroup) or an Abel-Grassmann’s groupoid (AG-groupoid) is investigated in several papers. In this paper we have discussed ideals in LA-semigroups. Specifically, we have shown that every ideal in an LA-semigroup S with left identity e is prime if and only if it is idempotent and the set of ideals of S is totally ordered under inclusion. We have shown that an ideal o...

The aim of this article is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of union soft q-ideals are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Conditions for a union soft ideal to be a union soft q-ideal are established. Characterizations of a union soft q...

In this paper we give criteria for an ideal J of a TAF algebra A to be meet irreducible. We show that J is meet irreducible if and only if the C∗-envelope of A/J is primitive. In that case, A/J admits a faithful nest representation which extends to a ∗-representation of the C∗-envelope for A/J . We also characterize the meet irreducible ideals as the kernels of bounded nest representations; thi...

There proved that every prime invariant with respect to quantum adjoint action ideal I is completely prime and Fract(R/I) is isomorphic to the skew field of fractions of an algebra of twisted polynomials. We study correspondence between symplectic leaves and irreducible representations. The Conjecture of De Concini-KacProcesi on dimension of irreducible representations is proved for sufficientl...

Masur and Smillie, 1993, proved precisely which singularity index lists arise from pseudo-Anosov mapping classes. In search of an analogous theorem for outer automorphisms of free groups, Handel and Mosher, 2011, ask: Is each connected, simplicial, (2r − 1)-vertex graph the ideal Whitehead graph of a fully irreducible φ ∈ Out(Fr)? We answer this question in the negative by exhibiting, for each ...

An interesting result proved by Halmos in Hal (Michigan Mathematical Journal, 15, 215–223 (1968) is that the set of irreducible operators dense $${\mathcal {B}}({\mathcal {H}})$$ sense Hilbert-Schmidt approximation. In a von Neumann algebra {M}}$$ with separable predual, an operator $$a\in {\mathcal said to be if $$W^*(a)$$ subfactor , i.e., $$W^*(a)'\cap {M}}={{\mathbb {C}}} \cdot I$$ . Let $$...

The aim of this article is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of union-soft sets is introduced, and its application to BCK/BCI-algebras is considered. The notions of union-soft algebras, union-soft (commutative) ideals and closed union-soft ideals are int...