The limitations of direct military intervention—“hard power”—for achieving foreign policy are increasingly highlighted by international events. Policy makers, military leaders, and intelligence experts now recognise the crucial role of preventive policy approaches—“soft power”—to tackle the multifaceted, upstream causes of conflict and instability. Soft power encompasses diplomacy, development,...

Many applications in data analysis begin with a set of points in a Euclidean space that is partitioned into clusters. Common tasks then are to devise a classifier deciding which of the clusters a new point is associated to, finding outliers with respect to the clusters, or identifying the type of clustering used for the partition. One of the common kinds of clusterings are (balanced) least-squa...

Over the past four decades, Hezbollah hasthrived i...

Introduction: Proton therapy is a type of radiation treatment that it uses protons to treat cancer. Because of the protons’ unique ability to distribute the radiation dose more directly to the tumor, it minimizes the damage to nearby healthy tissues. The rate of energy loss by the ion in the target is called stopping power. The total stopping power is sum nuclear and electroni...

Turkey exerts significant influence over Balkans Muslims. While some of this has to do with Turkey’s military and economic power, much relates their shared religiosity common history. Some may characterize as “soft power”; however, term struggles completely explain these dynamics. Many Muslims have an ambivalent attitude towards Turkey, even they accept its influence. Moreover, Turkish comes no...