Discussion: A large part of both clinical and subclinical lesions found in our daily work are benign and correspond with fibrocystic changes (FCC). This entity is complex and part exhibit traits that define characteristically in MRI and diagnose correctly, but there is another small group of changes that can take the image aspect of cancer. From a complex case, we review the main aspects of the...

Soil respiration is controlled by soil temperature, soil water, fine roots, microbial activity, and soil physical and chemical properties. Forest thinning changes soil temperature, soil water content, and root density and activity, and thus changes soil respiration. We measured soil respiration monthly and soil temperature and volumetric soil water continuously in a young ponderosa pine (Pinus ...

Soil flooding in wetlands is accompanied by changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics. These changes include the lowering of soil redox potential (Eh) leading to increasing demand for oxygen within the soil profile as well as production of soil phytotoxins that are by-products of soil reduction and thus, imposing potentially severe stress on plant roots. Various methods are utilized...

The purpose of this research is to explore the variability on the soil thermal conductivity -after a prescribe fire, and to assess the effects of the ashes on the heat transfer once it’s were incorporated into the soil matrix. Sampling plot was located in the Montgrí Massif (NE of Spain). A set of 42 soil samples between surface and 5 cm depth was collected before and after the fire. To charac...

We developed further an IPCC-based Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) to monitor soil C stocks and flows for New Zealand. Geo-referenced soil C data were extended from 340 to 1119 sites (0.3 m depth) and used to assign steady-state soil C stocks to various combinations of soil class, climate, and land use. Overall, CMS soil C stock estimates are consistent with detailed, stratified soil C measureme...

The potential to sequester atmospheric carbon in agricultural and forest soils to offset greenhouse gas emissions has generated interest in measuring changes in soil carbon resulting from changes in land management. However, inherent spatial variability of soil carbon limits the precision of measurement of changes in soil carbon and hence, the ability to detect changes. We analyzed variability ...

In many areas, chemical and biological characteristics of soils change when trees colonize meadows. To determine if the invasion of high meadows by forests in the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon altered soil properties, we measured soil properties along transects from mountain meadows through transition zones, where trees were becoming established, into mature forest. The differences observ...

Monitoring changes in soil C has recently received interest due to reporting under the Kyoto Protocol. Model-based approaches to estimate changes in soil C stocks exist, but they cannot fully replace repeated measurements. Measuring changes in soil C is laborious due to small expected changes and large spatial variation. Stratification of soil sampling allows the reduction of sample size withou...