COVID-19 has resulted in deepened states of crisis and vulnerability for people who use drugs throughout Europe across the world, with social distancing measures having far-reaching implications everyday life. Prolonged periods isolation solitude are acknowledged within much addiction literature as negatively impacting experiences those recovery, while also causing harm to active users – many w...

regarding to different social policies of two former presidents (hashemi rafsanjani & mohammad khaatami), the present essay is going to evaluate and compare the rate of social isolation consequences between the mass and elite groups in iran during 8 years of their presidency. at first, different dimensions of social isolation consequences have been reviewed and four main dimensions have been de...