background and objective: glucoamylase is a potent starch degrading enzyme whose cheap production has been an area of research. its production by aspergillus niger in solid-state fermentation was studied using dried garden pea peel as a substrate, which enormously reduced the production cost. the current study intended to produce glucoamylase by a cost-effective strategy and exhaustively charac...

A soluble enzyme preparation, which catalyses the polymerization of mannose, was obtained by Triton X-100 extraction of a particulate fraction derived from Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls. The product that resulted when GDP-alpha-d-mannose was used as a substrate was a beta-(1-->4)-linked mannan, about three-quarters of which was alkali-insoluble. The mannose-polymerizing enzyme activity was at lea...

Catechol estrogens are steroid metabolites that elicit physiological responses through binding to a variety of cellular targets. We show here that catechol estrogens directly inhibit soluble adenylyl cyclases and the abundant trans-membrane adenylyl cyclases. Catechol estrogen inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the substrate ATP, and we solved the crystal structure of a catechol estr...

Catechol estrogens are steroid metabolites that elicit physiological responses through binding to a variety of cellular targets. We show here that catechol estrogens directly inhibit soluble adenylyl cyclases and the abundant trans-membrane adenylyl cyclases. Catechol estrogen inhibition is non-competitive with respect to the substrate ATP, and we solved the crystal structure of a catechol estr...

The primary habitat for Bacillus sp. is the soil. In this environment, they remain inactive until a suitable substrate (food source) becomes available. Usually these substrates include large molecules from the remains of plants and animals. The large molecules, like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are suitable substrate for Bacillus sp. because these strains excrete enzymes which break thes...

Sustainable Soft Electronics Yong Zhu and co-workers report an effective simple method to recycle silver nanowire network films for sustainable soft electronics in article number 2100588. An epidermal sensor patch composed of electrodes a water-soluble substrate can be completely recycled. This could used other nanomaterials the form network.

The Front Cover illustrates the effect of compartmentalization in a light-driven conversion reaction. encapsulated, water-soluble substrate reacts directly with short-lived singlet oxygen photogenerated by photosensitizer close proximity. lipid bilayer membrane cover art was generated using biorender.com. More information can be found Research Article Andrea Pannwitz and co-workers.