This study explains the breakdown mechanism in different triggered spark gap switches. Two different trigger electrode configurations are tested for the switch predischarge operation in a nitrogen laser circuit. The behavior of the breakdown voltage, when a trigger pulse is applied to the trigger electrode, is investigated, and the results are reported. Based on the experimental measurements ne...

To grasp the characteristics of air discharges of electrostatic discharge (ESD) guns, time-variant spark gap voltage waveforms at low charge voltages are discussed. Through the application of our proposed circuit approach using measured discharge current waveforms and frequency characteristics of an ESD–gun, the time-variant spark gap voltage waveforms for air discharges of an ESD–gun can be es...

Dear Sir,?The paper on ' Conservative surgery in malignant disease' by Dr. T. Howard Somervell, appearing in your March issue, opens up several avenues of partly criticism and partly controversy. Dr. Somervell gives a sarcoma patient ' a full course of deep x-ray therapy' to the growth and its immediate neighbourhood before operation. This course consists of five minutes of 5 milliamps at a 5-i...

The Richardson exact solution for the reduced BCS Hamiltonian is applied to examine how sensitive are the pairing characteristics (condensation energy, spectroscopic gap, parity gap) to a specific configuration of single-electron energy levels in nanosize metallic grains. Using single-electron energy spectra in parallelepiped-shaped potential boxes with various volumes and aspect ratios as a mo...

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version ...

The feasibility of using an exploding mercury jet as a high current opening switch has been evaluated at peak currents ranging from 7 kA to 125 kA. To provide a more realistic measure of actual performance, a spark gap was used to switch peak currents into varying RL loads. The roles of magnetic pinching, ionization, and skin effects in determination of scaling behavior and reproducibility are ...