OBJECTIVES There is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (METH) on spatial memory. We tested the time- dependent effects of METH on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in METH -sensitized and withdrawn rats in the Morris water maze. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were sensitized to METH (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, SC). Rats were trained in water maze (4...

The present study investigated how spatial working memory recruits early visual cortex. Participants were required to maintain a location in working memory while changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals were measured during the retention interval in which no visual stimulation was present. We show working memory effects during the retention period in early visual cortex which were...

In the present study, we examined whether eye movements facilitate retention of visuo-spatial information in working memory. In two experiments, participants memorised the sequence of the spatial locations of six digits across a retention interval. In some conditions, participants were free to move their eyes during the retention interval, but in others they either were required to remain fixat...

It is well established that male rats have an advantage in acquiring place-learning strategies, allowing them to learn spatial tasks more readily than female rats. However many of these differences have been examined solely during acquisition or in 24h memory retention. Here, we investigated whether sex differences exist in remote long-term memory, lasting 30d after training, and whether there ...

Background and Objective: A great body of evidences suggested a marked elevation of endogenous opioid levels in plasma of animals with acute cholestasis. Endogenous opioids are implicated in the pathophysiology of cholestasis. Also, many studies have shown that endogenous opioids modulate memory processes. To clarify possible role of endogenous opioid receptors in information processing in acut...

 Introduction: Patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. Many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like Gabapentin (GBP). Apart from anti-epilectic action, Gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Because both GBP and ethanol act on GABA ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effe...

Gonadal hormones have been shown to modulate memory retention in female rats. The current experiments examine the role of testicular hormones in modulating the performance of male rats on two spatial water maze tasks. In the first study, castrated and intact rats were trained on the visible platform and hidden platform versions of the Morris water maze task. Castration did not affect performanc...

introduction: previous studies have indicated that stress levels of glucocorticoid hormones induce impairment of long term memory retrieval, but the underlying mechanisms (genomic or non-genomic) are not clear. to clarify this issue, we investigated the involvement of brain corticosteroid receptors and protein synthesis in the glucocorticoid-induced impairment of memory retrieval. methods: 140 ...

Several studies in rats have shown activation of cortical regions and concurrent deactivation of the hippocampus during the retrieval of spatial memory, as the consolidation process progresses. To determine whether during this post-learning period of memory reorganization, spatial memories are transformed from a specific to a more generic representation, in Experiment 1 we compare remote spatia...