The transition to a digitally based information technology is having profound effects on the role and significance of spatial scale. Four variations are presented on this theme: the need for new metrics of scale that are appropriate for digital representations of geographic information; the implications of such metrics for the sharing of geographic information through the Internet; the emergenc...

Executive Summary Introduction Changes in the Business Environment A Necessary, but not a Sufficient Condition Transport as Part of a Package The Logistics Sector Differences in Needs by Spatial Scale Accessibility

Reproducing empirical results and repeating experimental processes is fundamental to science, but is of grave concern to scientists. Revisiting the same location is necessary for tracking biological processes, yet I argue that ‘location’ and ‘replication’ contain a basic ambiguity. The analysis of the practical meanings of ‘replication’ and ‘location’ will strip of incommensurability from its c...

A region where predictive capability is sought for tactical concerns is the flow field in the vicinity of the continental shelfbreak. Sound propagation from the continental slope to the continental shelf is a complex process that is highly dependent upon the oceanographic environment. A strong thermal shelfbreak front, and its associated current, are the key features that influence acoustic pro...

Humans are capable of zooming in on the right range of scale, but it is not clear, yet, whether this processing involves either spatial variables, or two-dimensional spatialfrequency variables, or both spatial and spatial-frequency variables in the image description. The main motivation of this work is to show that at least it is possible in each domain to formulate algorithms giving solutions ...

While small-scale studies show that more diverse native communities are less invasible by exotics, studies at large spatial scales often find positive correlations between native and exotic diversity. This large-scale pattern is thought to arise because landscapes with favorable conditions for native species also have favorable conditions for exotic species. From theory, we proposed an alternat...

Ecological measurements in marine settings are often constrained in space and time, with spatial heterogeneity obscuring broader generalisations. While advances in remote sensing, integrative modelling and meta-analysis enable generalisations from field observations, there is an underlying need for high-resolution, standardised and geo-referenced field data. Here, we evaluate a new approach aim...

1

Species abundance, species richness, and ground cover were measured over 10 years on nine paired grazed and exclosure plots in short-tussock grassland in the early stages of invasion by Hieracium species. With and without grazing, H. pilosella and H. caespitosum increased markedly and H. lepidulum increased locally. In contrast, 50% of all other common species and species groups, and total, nat...