three-dimensional surface geometry of rock discontinuities and its evolution with shearing are of great importance in understanding the deformability and hydro-mechanical behavior of rock masses. in the present research, surfaces of three natural rock fractures were digitized and studied before and after the direct shear test. the variography analysis of the surfaces indicated a strong non-line...

 Spatial generalized linear mixed models are used commonly for modelling non-Gaussian discrete spatial responses. We present an algorithm for parameter estimation of the models using Laplace approximation of likelihood function. In these models, the spatial correlation structure of data is carried out by random effects or latent variables. In most spatial analysis, it is assumed that rando...

Hyperspectral anomaly detection is one of the main challenging topics in both military and civilian fields. The spectral information contained in a hyperspectral cube provides a high ability for anomaly detection. In addition, the costly spatial information of adjacent pixels such as texture can also improve the discrimination between anomalous targets and background. Most studies miss the wort...

Migration and quality of redistribution of population across country is one of the main factors that planners take into account to control population and guide its movements to economic poles. Scientific recognition of migration phenomenon is important for managing and policy making in the country. These movements change migration pattern, in a way that along with increase in population and the...

beech forests in midland areas of hyrcanian forests of iran are the most important forests having the highest degree of naturalness. these forests are the valuable source of wood production and other forest products. one of the most important characteristics of plant communities is the spatial pattern of trees. ecological process in forest ecosystems are directly influenced by the spatial patte...