We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. Allele numbers range from five to 12, with observed heterozygosities from 0.48 to 0.87. Because two loci are in linkage disequilibrium, these nine loci provide eight independent markers. Three loci exhibit departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, possibly resulting from null alleles or popu...

Different techniques are used to model the relationship between temperatures, dew point and relative humidity. Gene expression programming is capable of modelling complex realities with great accuracy, allowing at the same time, the extraction of knowledge from the evolved models compared to other learning algorithms. We aim to use Gene Expression Programming for modelling of dew point. General...

Putrescine can be synthesized either directly from ornithine by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; the speC product) or indirectly from arginine via arginine decarboxylase (ADC; the speA product). The authors identified the speA and speC genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The activities of the two decarboxylases were similar and each enzyme alone appeared to direct sufficient formation of the pol...

Traditional stiff actuators have a high reflected inertia, which do not meet the safety requirements, are bad to absorb shocks and cannot store and release energy which are for different applications required. Initiated by the introduction of the Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) by Gill A. Pratt in 1995, a wide range of Variable Impedance Actuators (VIA) are developed, for which inspiration was fo...

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin F (SpeF), previously referred to as mitogenic factor, is a newly described potent mitogen produced by group A streptococci. To investigate whether this protein belongs to the family of microbial superantigens, we analyzed the cellular and molecular requirements for its presentation to T cells and compared it with the known streptococcal superantigen pyrogenic ex...

this paper focuses on multi-objective designing of multi-machine thyristor controlled series compensator (tcsc) using strength pareto evolutionary algorithm (spea). the tcsc parameters designing problem is converted to an optimization problem with the multi-objective function including the desired damping factor and the desired damping ratio of the power system modes, which is solved by a spea ...

The Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy 1 (PAES) KC99c, KC99b, KC99a], a local search algorithm for multiobjective optimization tasks, is compared with a modern, proven population-based EA, the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) of Zitzler and Thiele ZT98, ZDT99, ZT99]. Comparison is carried out with respect to six test functions designed by Deb, each of which is designed to capture a...

Streptococcus pyogenes, also referred to as group A Streptococcus (GAS), is an exclusive human pathogen causing diseases ranging from uncomplicated infections of the throat and skin to severe invasive infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Asymptomatic carriage, particularly in the nasoand oropharyngeal mucosa, is common. GAS is equipped with an...

| Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are often well-suited for optimization problems involving several, often connicting objectives. Since 1985, various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization have been developed that are capable of searching for multiple solutions concurrently in a single run. However, the few comparative studies of diierent methods presented up to now remain mostly ...

Pelobatoidea is a clade of ancient anurans with obscure relationships to the remaining clades of frogs. We used partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and 16S RNA) from all Pelobatoidea subclades, including all species of Pelobatidae and Pelodytidae and four outgroup taxa (Xenopus, Ascaphus, Discoglossus, and Rana), to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships with...