the primary purpose of this paper is to highlight for the research community and practitioners the various aspects of using vmi-type supply chains in today’s business environment as well as a number of directions for future studies. in this regard, fifty articles published in major international journals, beginning in 1995, which contribute to the vmi-type supply chains are reviewed via a syste...

BACKGROUND An intense, 30-year, ongoing biodiversity inventory of Lepidoptera, together with their food plants and parasitoids, is centered on the rearing of wild-caught caterpillars in the 120,000 terrestrial hectares of dry, rain, and cloud forest of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Since 2003, DNA barcoding of all species has aided their identification and di...

Over half of the southern landscape is forested, but nearly all of the land has been modified considerably, especially during the centuries following European settlement (See history chapters). Such extensive changes in the southern landscape have contributed to the threatened status of many plant and animal species that are now protected under the Endangered Species Act. Additionally these cha...

Collections from Panamá and the recent Arthropods of La Selva biodiversity inventory project in Costa Rica yielded specimens of two unusual species of the genus Callimicra Deyrolle, both of which exhibit striking color patterns. A brief review of the history of treatment of the genus is presented and the two new species are described and illustrated: Callimicra timmonsae sp.n. species, and C. p...

Inventory of the caterpillars, their food plants and parasitoids began in 1978 for today's Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This complex mosaic of 120 000 ha of conserved and regenerating dry, cloud and rain forest over 0-2000 m elevation contains at least 10 000 species of non-leaf-mining caterpillars used by more than 5000 species of parasitoids. Several hund...