We show that the single top quarks produced in the Wg-fusion channel at a proton-proton collider at a center-of-mass energy p s = 14 TeV posses a high degree of polarization in terms of a spin basis which decomposes the top quark spin in its rest frame along the direction of the spectator jet. A second useful spin basis is the -beamline basis, which decomposes the top quark spin along one of th...

A new experimental analysis shows the way to an explanation of the puzzling difference between the observed CP violation in neutral B decays and the failure to see it in charged B decays. Analysis of the B → Kπ data shows that the contributions of the interference between the dominant penguin diagram and the tree diagram are finite in the neutral decays but vanish in the charged decays. This ex...

The interplay between spectator and participant matter in heavy-ion collisions is investigated in the context of a microscopic transport model. Transport simulations show that flow patterns for the participant matter are strongly influenced by the presence of the nearby spectator matter. However, the influence is mutual. During the explosion of the participant zone, the spectator matter acquire...

In response to recent critcism, we show how to define the spectator equations for negative energies so that charge conjugation invariance is preserved. The result, which emerges naturally from the application of spectator principles to systems of particles with negative energies, is to replace all factors of the external energies Wi by √ W 2 i , insuring that the amplitudes are independent of t...

A virtual environment is a computer-generated world accessible to a (human) user through input/output devices. It is similar to a traditional simulation but with an emphasis on threedimensional graphics, immersion and real-time interaction. A distributed virtual environment has several participants interacting simultaneously with the virtual world. An example application would be a surgical tra...