Abstract Putative mechanisms underlying spinosyn resistance have been identified in controlled studies on many species; however, field-evolved and the development of a molecular diagnostic method for monitoring field lagged behind. Here, we examined levels melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera:Thripidae), to spinetoram as well target site mutations populations across China identify pot...

A possible mechanistic pathway related to an enzyme-catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was studied by theoretical calculations at density functional (B3LYP, O3LYP, M062X) and semiempirical levels (PM6-DH2, PM6) performed on a model system. The calculations were carried out for the key [4+2] cycloaddition step considering enzyme-catalyzed biosynthesis of Spinosyn A in a model reaction, where...