This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

This study investigated the impact of interaction and output modality on vocabulary learning and retention of EFL learners. To investigate the impact of Interaction, solitary (n =69) and collaborative (n =62) groups served as experimental and No Interaction No Output (n =26) as control group. To address the effect of modality, spoken (n =39) and written (n =31) modalities served as experimental...

postposing is a feature of spoken language. it is a process that postposes a preverbal constituent to a position after the verb, without changing the overall meaning of the sentence. in this study we focus on this linguistic phenomenon and its relation to factors such as grammatical weight, definiteness, animacy and information structure. to investigate the occurrence of this process and its in...

signing is an important informative – affective aspect of language which is overshadowed by the traditional speaking – writing distinction and the priority of written form over spoken form in both linguistics and literary criticism. this paper attempts to introduce a new form of language which can be referred to as signing language, which can shed light on understanding and analysis of the obli...

We present a new language model adaptation framework integrated with error handling method to improve accuracy of speech recognition and performance of spoken language applications. The proposed error corrective language model adaptation approach exploits domain-specific language variations and recognition environment characteristics to provide robustness and adaptability for a spoken language ...