Today, often ankle’s active prosthesis is used for transtibial amputated people’s walking, because these prostheses have some advantages such as increasing power and decreasing metabolism. In most of active prosthesis in order to create a movement or increase the force at the push-off, electrical actuators are used like a motor. In cases where a higher-power motor is necessary, the capacity, we...

We have examined a new method for generating coarse-grained models of polymers. The resulting models consist of bead-spring chains with the spring force law taken from the force-extension behavior in the constant extension ensemble. This method, called the polymer ensemble transformation method, is applied to the freely jointed chain. The resulting model illustrates why current bead-spring chai...

Due to its simplicity, the parallel beam approximation (PBA) is commonly used in the analytical evaluation of the spring constant of V-shaped atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers. However, the point of contention regarding the validity of the PBA is as yet an unresolved issue, which has been exacerbated by some recent contradictory reports. In this paper, we present a detailed investigatio...

OBJECTIVE To compare kinetic measures and spatiotemporal variables assessed during walking with standard axillary crutches and spring-loaded crutches. DESIGN A repeated-measures design in which healthy subjects walked with both standard and spring-loaded crutches. SETTING Biomechanics research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Ten healthy young adult volunteers participated. Only female volunteers...

We have set about the goal of developing a bungee jump system that will provide an ideal experience for a falling egg by maximizing the passenger’s free fall time, minimizing the force it experiences during deceleration, and not allowing the passenger to hit the ground. In order to develop an ideal bungee system, we must first determine the properties of our bungee cord. Under the assumption th...

The flow of viscoelastic fluids between parallel plates under the combined influence of electro-osmotic and pressure gradient forcings with asymmetric boundary conditions, by considering different zeta potentials at the walls, is investigated. The fluids are z–z symmetric electrolytes. The analytic solutions of the electrical potential, velocity distributions and streaming potential are based o...

Computer-aided drug design (CADD) shift toward using quantum-mechanics (QM)-based approaches is not only the result of the ever growing computational power but also due to the need for more accurate and more informative approaches to describe molecular properties and binding characteristics than the currently available ones. QM-approaches do not suffer from the limitations inherent to the ball-...

Crossties and cable networks are used on cable-stayed bridges to mitigate wind-induced stay vibration. A nonlinear free-vibration analysis of a cable network with random oscillation amplitudes is presented in this study. Specifically, a nonlinear restoring-force spring model is introduced at the crosstie to simulate in-plane network free vibration at large amplitudes. The current constitutive m...

In colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface forces cannot be measured without an accurate determination of the cantilever spring constant. The effective spring constant k depends upon the cantilever geometry and therefore should be measured in situ; additionally, k may be coupled to other measurement parameters. For example, colloidal probe AFM is frequently used to measure the sli...

If plastic tubing is to be used in roller pumps for propelling blood in extracorporeal circulations under occlusive conditions spring loading the rollers and accurately setting the spring force is essential. Various types and sizes of plastic tubing are compared and their performance estimated; rubber tubing used for the same purpose has been tested. The optimum spring force has been determined...