In this paper, the results of modeling and simulation a microcolumn are presented. The is part developed miniature MEMS electron microscope equipped with high-vacuum micropump. Such an arrangement makes device first stand-alone electron-optical to operate without external chamber. Before such can be fabricated, research on particular elements must carried out determine working principles device...

This paper reports on a Joule-level multi-pass laser amplification device with diode end-pumped square-rod neodymium glass (Nd:glass) bonded to K9 glass. The generated 1.17 J pulse energy at 1 Hz and 1053 nm. optical-to-optical efficiency was 13.01%, the effective extraction 44.23%. Comparing Nd:glass of same specification without under conditions, thermal wave aberration former 85.71% that lat...

The winding of a single polymer in thermal equilibrium around a repulsive cylindrical obstacle is perhaps the simplest example of statistical mechanics in a multiply connected geometry. As shown by S.F. Edwards, this problem is closely related to the quantum mechanics of a charged particle interacting with a Aharonov-Bohm flux. In another development, Pollock and Ceperley have shown that boson ...

in iran, onion plants are currently broadcast over the majority of onion fields and weeding and harvesting are done manually by seasonal workers. at harvest time, 40 worker-days are required to onion dig just one hectare. this cost could be saved if the operation could be carried out by machine. rear-mounted diggers can only be implemented if 40 cm spacing between rows is allowed for each tract...

A 2D photonic crystal optical switch is proposed based on a rods-in-air square-lattice photonic crystal by removing two cross-lines of rods from a 2D square-lattice photonic crystal to form four optical channels. The simulation results show that, when inserting a single rod along the diagonal line of the intersection area of two removed cross-lines of rods, the position of the single inserted r...