BACKGROUND The Early vs Late Infantile Strabismus Surgery Study Group investigates whether early or late surgery is preferable in infantile convergent strabismus, in a non-randomised, prospective, multicentre clinical trial. The current state of the study after end of recruitment is reported here, focusing on the question of possible sources for bias in this non-randomised trial. METHOD The p...

The regulation of signaling pathways by feedback inhibitors has become an emerging theme in the control of pattern formation during development. Nodal and Lefty proteins belong to divergent subfamilies of the TGF-beta family. Nodal signals promote mesendoderm induction in vertebrates, and Lefty proteins antagonize it. In zebrafish, Squint functions as a long-range Nodal signal during mesoderm i...

The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in 46 extraocular eye muscle samples removed at surgery for squint were determined by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis and reduction of NAD coupled with formazan reaction. Muscle type subunits predominated in the isoenzymes of the medial and lateral rectus muscles of emmetropic and hypermetropic eyes, whereas heart type subunits predominated in those o...

This paper describes an improvement in the technique of limbal incision of the conjunctiva in squint operations. The limbal incision was first described by Zugsmith (I959) as a peritomy incision, but Massin and Hudelo (I962) were the first to show its full advantage in squint surgery, and von Noorden (i 968, i 969) improved the technique. The limbal incision has the merits of providing a scarle...

Forty-eight patients aged 2 to 18 years underwent surgery for the correction of convergent strabismus. Anaesthesia was maintained using nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane in 24; the remainder received nitrous oxide, oxygen and trichloroethylene. Shed blood was collected on to cotton wool pledgets and the quantity calculated after lysis of the red cells with liberation of oxyhaemoglobin. The lo...

THE earliest sign in progressive muscular dystrophy of involvement of the extraocular muscles is usually a bilateral ptosis which is followed by slowly progressing immobility of the eyes. The central nervous system as well as the skeletal muscles may be affected. Furthermore, heart disorders have been reported. At present, the disorder is attributed to progressive dystrophy of the extra-ocular ...