In quantum information theory, a basic question often presented is how efficiently can one transmit classical information over a quantum channel.[1, 2, 3] Because of the non-orthogonality of quantum states, the channel capacity is different from that of the classical channel discussed in [4, 5] . Recently, this question has attracted new attention due to the rapid progress in quantum informatio...

We show the equivalence of two different notions of quantum channel capacity: that which uses the entanglement fidelity as its criterion for success in transmission, and that which uses the minimum fidelity of pure states in a subspace of the input Hilbert space as its criterion. As a corollary, any source with entropy less than the capacity may be transmitted with high entanglement fidelity. W...

in this study the thermal conductivity and the volumetric heat capacity of non-newtonian fluids are investigated. these fluids find many applications in chemical, medical and food industries. they mostly have viscoelastic behavior and generally differ from newtonian fluids. two non-newtonian fluids, solutions of xanthan and carboxy methyl cellulose in water with various concentrations have bee...

Spectral expansion method is successfully extended for the solution of a class of Markov processes of nite state space. In this frame work, a nite capacity mul-tiserver system, alternating in a Markovian environment, serving a Poisson stream of jobs, is analysed for steady state performance and dependability. The solution is exact and eecient.

Motivated by the discrete multirate Kaufmann-Roberts recurrence relations we derive a functional equation (FE), which covers nonintegral states. This FE implies a unique effective step parameter d, which defines an equivalent one-level recurrence depth, or bitrate, at each state under progress. This state-dependent depth results from the equality requirement of the multirate and the one-level m...

In this paper we evaluate the entanglement assisted classical capacity of a class of quantum channels with long-term memory, which are convex combinations of memoryless channels. The memory of such channels can be considered to be given by a Markov chain which is aperiodic but not irreducible. This class of channels was introduced in [7], where its product state capacity was evaluated.

background: chemical exposure is a major health problem globally. poison control centers (pccs) play a leading role both in developed and developing countries in the prevention and control of poisonous chemical exposures. in this study, we aimed to assess the current state of pccs in pakistan and highlight capacity building needs in these centers. methods: a cross-sectional survey of the two re...