The order Hymenoptera includes the bees, ants, and a diverse array of groups we commonly think of as "wasps." As most people were aware, many Hymenoptera can and do sting. In this chapter I will address the question of the hymenopteran sting. What is it? Which Hymenoptera sting? How does it cause pain? Is it dangerous? How can we avoid stings and treat those we do receive? Particularly importan...

An investigation was conducted to identify the allochthonous microbiota (entire intestine) and the autochthonous microbiota in proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI) of four species of Indian air-breathing fish (climbing perch; Anabas testudineus, murrel; Channa punctatus, walking catfish; Clarias batrachus and stinging catfish; Heteropneustes fossilis) by PCR based denaturing gradie...

Stinging mechanisms generally deliver venomous compounds to external targets. However, nematocysts, the microscopic stinging organelles that are common to all members of the phylum Cnidaria, occur and act in both external and internal tissue structures. This is the first report of such an internal piercing mechanism. This mechanism identifies prey items within the body cavity of the sea anemone...

Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica. L) is a wild, unique herbaceous perennial flowering plant with Stinging hairs. It has a long history of use as a food sources as a soup or curries, and also used as a fiber as well as a medicinal herb. The current aim was to analyze the composition and bioactive compounds in Nepalese Stinging nettle. Chemical analysis showed the relatively higher level of crude p...

In order to identify genes that are influencing defensive behaviors, we have taken a new approach by dissecting colony-level defensive behavior into individual behavioral measurements using two families containing backcross workers from matings involving European and Africanized bees. We removed the social context from stinging behavior by using a laboratory assay to measure the stinging respon...

Two types of mechanosensitive proprioceptor organ are present on the stinging apparatus of the honeybee: campaniform sensilla and mechanosensory hairplates. The campaniform sensilla are located on the surface of the tapering sting-shaft, which comprises an unpaired stylet and paired lancets. Each sensillum on the lancet differs from that on the stylet in terms of their topography and external m...

Hypothesis / aims of study Urtica dioica (commonly known as stinging nettle) is used worldwide as an alternative to conventional pharmacotherapies for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The root extract is commonly used in Europe, primarily in Germany, for the treatment of the symptoms associated with BPH. It is thought to alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by reducing stromal proli...