Several nonlethal methods have been developed to determine the stomach contents of fish, including gastroscopes, tubes, stomach suction, stomach flushing, emetics, forceps, and chronic fistulas. By reviewing the literature on this subject, we found that the effectiveness (ability to remove all stomach contents) of the different methods depends on size, age, species of fish, and the size of the ...

Alimentary canal of fishes has a great variety of structural Peculiarities which are important in fisheries and biology. The aim of this study was to explain the anatomical and histological aspects of stomach and pyloric caeca in L. aurata, L. abu and M. cephalus (Mugilidae) from the Caspian Sea. Fifteen adult individuals of mugilidae; Liza aurata, L. abu and Mugil cephalus were collected f...