The ability to simulate the surface energy balance and microclimate within a plant canopy is contingent upon accurate simulation of radiation exchange within the canopy. Accurate radiation simulations require some assumption of leaf angle distribution to compute transmissivity, reflection and scattering of radiation. The ellipsoidal leaf angle density function can very closely approximate real ...

Within the generalized thermostatistics of Tsallis, we propose for the spin-1⁄2 Ising ferromagnet a transmissivity variable which extends that defined by Tsallis and Levy for thermal magnetic systems. By using this generalized transmissivity as well as duality arguments, we calculate the q-dependence of the critical temperature corresponding to the square lattice, where q is the entropic index ...

Estimating subsurface hydraulic properties using the groundwater (GW) response to Earth tides (ET) and atmospheric pressure is an alternative approach pumping or slug tests (passive vs. active methods). Yet testing applicability of models under different conditions comparing results with traditional methods are lacking. We first review assumptions analytical used evaluate GW ET their in unconfi...

The majority of this course has focused on large scale climate and human health applications. The paper presented here, however, is an example of a smaller scale application of statistics to a geo-environmental issue. Researchers intend to model groundwater in an approximately 200 kilometer (km) by 300 km area around the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The study area is located on the easte...

A novel methodology for the interpretation of pumping tests in leaky aquifer systems, referred to as the double inflection point (DIP) method, is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the first and second derivatives of the drawdown with respect to log time for the estimation of the flow parameters. Like commonly used analysis procedures, such as the type-curve approach developed by...

A simple theoretical model of atmospheric radiative equilibrium is solved analytically to help understand the energetics of maintaining Earth's tropical and subtropical climate. The model climate is constrained by energy balance between shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative uxes. Given a complete set of SW and LW optical properties in each atmospheric layer, the model yields a unique equil...

Plastic tree shelters are commonly used in plantations under Mediterranean climates to protect against herbivory and enhance outplanting performance. However, effects on performance cannot be generalized due the complexity of plant responses microenvironmental conditions within tube wall. The interactions between light transmissivity tubes species-specific site environment two-year were studied...