In this paper, a plane quadrilateral element with rotational degrees of freedom is developed. Present formulation is based on a hybrid functional with independent boundary displacement and internal optimum strain field. All the optimality constraints, including being rotational invariant, omitting the parasitic shear error and satisfying Fliepa’s pure bending test, are considered. Moreover, the...

An analytical solution is presented that reconstructs residual stress field from limited and incomplete data.  The inverse problem of reconstructing residual stresses is solved using an appropriate form of the airy stress function.  This function is chosen to satisfy the stress equilibrium equations together with the boundary conditions for a domain within a convex polygon.  The analytical solu...

background & aim: drought stress, as a main abiotic stress, has a significant influence on growth and metabolic activities of plant species. in this study, the influence of reduced irrigation on dry herbage, essential oil yield, and chemical components of two thyme species were investigated. experimental: this study was done in an experimental greenhouse, i.a.u., shahrekord branch, iran at...

In this paper, a reinforced concrete(RC) bridge built in an interchange, in the city of Kerman (a city located in south of Iran) is examined by the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. During the construction of this bridge such as; the main beams, slab, and retaining walls, some Electrical Strain Gauges were mounted on the main reinforcements at different locations within the body of thi...

effects of hall current, ion-slip and coriolis force on unsteady mhd couette-hartmann flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium bounded by porous plates in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field which is either fixed relative to the fluid or to the moving porous plate is investigated using laplace transform technique. the expressions for...

this paper describes the effects of induced magnetic field and partial slip on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluids in an asymmetric channel. the two dimensional equation of couple stress fluid are simplified by making the assumptions of long wave length and low reynolds number. the exact solutions of reduced momentum equation and magnetic force function have been computed in wave fra...

water deficit stress permanent or temporary limits the growth and distribution of natural vegetation and performance of plants more than other environmental factors. in order to investigate the effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal-arbuscular fungi inoculation on the growth and yield of savory (satureja hortensis l.) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design were conducted...