Abstract: the article provides a calculation justification of proposed railway structure on reinforced concrete sleeper-free base, for which an analysis existing methodology calculating track strength is carried out, according to dynamic loads acting from rolling stock are determined. The applied sleeper-less structures and results measurements emerging stresses in substructure, measured depth ...

The shear resistance at the sleeper–ballast interface of a ballasted track is an important contributor in maintaining stability under faster and heavier axle loads where ballast undergoes significant lateral sliding. Different types interfaces based on type sleeper arrangements, such as concrete sleepers, timber pads (USPs) attached to sleepers influence railway tracks. Therefore, this study de...

The purpose of the research was to study condition prestressed monoblock concrete sleeper (PMCS) under dynamic loading experimentally and through site investigation. From this research, value deflection base on acceleration sleepers have been obtained. This showed possible correlation relation PCS located a railway track. includes experimentation process which experimental investigations for (P...

Early experience preserves and refines many capabilities that emerge prenatally. Here we describe another role that it plays -- establishing the neural substrate for capabilities that emerge at a much later point in development. The evidence comes from sleeper effects: permanent deficits when early experience was absent in capabilities that normally emerge long after birth. We provide evidence ...

Over 50 years, a large number of research and development projects with respect to the use of cementitious and concrete materials for manufacturing railway sleepers have been significantly progressed in Australia, Europe, and Japan (Wang, 1996; Murray and Cai, 1998; Wakui and Okuda, 1999; Esveld, 2001; Freudenstein and Haban, 2006; Remennikov and Kaewunruen, 2008). Traditional sleeper materials...

INTRODUCTION Injuries and fatalities due to large truck and other vehicle crashes have decreased over the last decade, but motor vehicle injuries remain a leading cause of death for both the working and general populations. The present study was undertaken to determine semi truck driver and sleeper berth passenger injury risk in a moving semi truck collision using a matched-pair cohort study. ...

We introduce and investigate sleeper attacks and explore them in the context of anonymous communication, especially mix networks. Sleeper attacks can make use of the interference inherent to mix protocols. Simply by leaving his own messages in a mix network an adversary can learn about the communication of network users. Sleeper attacks can be combined with epistemic attacks, statistical disclo...

The sleeper effect in persuasion is a delayed increase in the impact of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. Despite a long history, the sleeper effect has been notoriously difficult to obtain or to replicate, with the exception of a pair of studies by Gruder et al. (1978). We conducted a series of 16 computer-controlled experiments and a replication of the Gruder et al. study to...