Many failures of supporting structures or machines are not caused only by stresses that are invoked by loading, but they often result due to residual stresses. Time needed for reparation of equipment and production losses are important factors, but much more serious are possible injuries or death of people. Residual stresses occur also in the structures without loadings. They arise mostly due t...

crops growing in salt-affected soils may suffer from physiological drought stress, ion toxicity, and mineral deficiency. a pot study was conducted in 2004-2005 in the aghala area (northern iran) to study the effect of different salinity levels, i.e. ece= 3 (control), 8, 12 and 16 ds m-1 on wheat grain, yield components and leaf ion uptake of four iranian wheat genotypes, i.e. kouhdasht, atrak, ...

a new method for determination of residual stresses in the bottom layers of laminated composites is developed. in this method the residual stresses are determined by performing a consecutive drilling of laminated composites in the center of the rosette and recording the strains after drilling each layer. the depth of the hole in each step is equal to the thickness of each layer and the maximum ...

Precipitation, which usually occurs by nucleation, growth and coarsening, may be affected by elastic stresses which influence the thermodynan~ics of the system and thereby the driving force for precipitation. Such stresses may be internal, e.g. coherency stresses, or external, i.e. externally applied stresses. The consequences for nucleation, growth and coarsening are discussed in detail with s...

Introduction: Modeling of the surface stresses on Europa has been performed to date, considering tidal, nonsynchronous, and polar wander sources of stress [3-6]. The results of such models can be used to match lineament orientation with the candidate stress patterns. Moreover, stratigraphic analysis can be used in combination with stress modeling to infer the evolution of Europa’s surface back ...

The geometric structure of stress theory on differentiable manifolds is considered. Mechanics is assumed to take place on an m-dimensional and no additional metric or parallelism structure is assumed. Two different approaches are described. The first is a generalisation of the traditional Cauchy approach where the resulting stresses are represented mathematically as vector valued (m − 1)forms. ...

Rock at depth is subjected to stresses resulting from the weight of the overlying strata and from locked in stresses of tectonic origin. When an opening is excavated in this rock, the stress field is locally disrupted and a new set of stresses are induced in the rock surrounding the opening. Knowledge of the magnitudes and directions of these in situ and induced stresses is an essential compone...

Gluck [11] has proven that triangulated 2-spheres are generically 3-rigid. Equivalently, planar graphs are generically 3-stress free. We show that linklessly embeddable graphs are generically 4-stress free. Both of these results are corollaries of the following theorem: every Kr+2-minor free graph is generically r-stress free for 1 ≤ r ≤ 4. (This assertion is false for r ≥ 6.) We give an equiva...