Structural retrofit of existing buildings for reuse remained one the key steps toward decarbonisation housing stocks in UK. This implies that any structural retrofitting procedure should aim at sustainability by ensuring net reduction energy use with minimum cost, environmental and social impact. However, several factors impede attainment sustainable programs. In this study, quantitative data c...

This paper identifies the dilemma faced by the stakeholders of existing buildings in regards to a decision making process for energy retrofitting. This paper also identifies the missing stage viewed as the “integrity audit “which can lead to substantial savings in the area of building operation. The methodology is centered on identifying energy waste first, reducing the overall peak electrical ...

Given the current situation in which energy efficiency is considered as an important issue and the potential rise of greenhouse gas emissions, this paper analyzes and finds possible ways to improve energy efficiencies in buildings through an evaluation of existing business models and relevant policies. The first phase of analysis includes the selection of the best business model from the existi...

Since the introduction of the Green Mark Scheme in Singapore in January 2005, more than 650 projects have been awarded the Green Mark Award. In fact, from 2008, all new buildings must achieve the mandatory standard of a certified green building. However, the challenge is how to convert the existing stock of buildings in order for them to achieve the green mark standard. This study is motivated ...

abstract   iran has many historic cities and villages with economic, historic and cultural values facing with many seismic faults. there have been no comprehensive studies about reducing the vulnerability of the historic villages, and the available documents describe the retrofitting experiments only about the single buildings.  lack of a comprehensive look at the subject leads to the loss of t...

Traffic accidents cause tragic loss of life, property damage and substantial congestion to transportation systems. A large percentage of crashes occur at or near intersections. Therefore, traffic signals are often used to improve traffic safety and operations. The objective of this study is to present a significant and effective method of determining the optimal investment involved in retrofitt...

In the context of an increasing number of retrofitting projects and greater consideration for the criteria of sustainability, architects and engineers are looking for a global optimization of existing buildings and therefore need to multiply comparisons between different possible variants. In order to structure the approach of this complex process, research carried out with the support of the S...

Seismic retrofitting of under-designed structures is a consolidated approach to risk management. Several options are available for the achievement of the vulnerability reduction goals, each of those having peculiar performances in respect of different technical and non-structural criteria. Selection of the best solution is a non-trivial task, because criteria may conflict each other. MultiCrite...