Effective human tutoring has been compared to a delicate balancing act. Students must be allowed to discover and correct problems on their own, but the tutor must intervene before the student becomes frustrated or confused. Natural language dialogue offers the tutor many ways to lead the student through a line of reasoning, and to indirectly notify the student of an error and use a series of hi...

Student wastage in higher education is a problem of great importance in our society. The time has come to try to start a service to give specialised help for redeployment in continued education or in suitable employment that carries further training prospects. This would be not only a humane social service, but a real component of the educational and economic system. At present, wastage in the ...

Early retirement incentives (ERIs) are increasingly prevalent in education as districts seek to close budget gaps by replacing expensive experienced teachers with lower-cost newer teachers. Combined with the aging of the teacher workforce, these ERIs are likely to change the composition of teachers dramatically in the coming years. We use exogenous variation from an ERI program in Illinois in t...

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University researchers and teacher facilitators implemented a state-funded professional development project during the 2005-06 academic year to help county middle school teachers improve student achievement in mathematics. In this paper, we discuss lessons and results from this innovative model, whose iterative cycle includes teacher content knowledge, item analysis from a high-stakes test, ped...

Vocabulary is fundamental to reading. As elementary students cross over from learning to read into reading to learn, vocabulary knowledge becomes increasingly important. The massive amount of vocabulary a student must learn precludes large amounts of time spent on any single word (Carver 1994, Schwanenflugel et al. 1997), except perhaps for some words that the student will read and write many t...

The value of experiential learning in agricultural education has long been recognized as an important part of the educational process. Through practice and experience students apply what they have learned in real situations, thus the material becomes understandable and usable. Moreover, in the process of gaining experience, new problems and situations arise causing learners to seek additional i...

Background—The Iowa Department of Education undertook a study to determine district characteristics that are associated with success on statewide-standardized tests. A district profile was created for each Iowa public school district to determine if any association exists between a particular district’s characteristics and the test scores of 11th grade students. Contextual variables such as soc...

BACKGROUND The number of medical undergraduates taking part in Student Scientific Activities (SSA) at Jessenius Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Slovakia remains low. The aim of this study was to discover some of the factors responsible and suggest improvements. METHODS An anonymous 30-item questionnaire was devised and sent to 245 medical undergraduates (UG) of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd an...

Although the rise in subprime lending and the ensuing wave of foreclosures was partly a result of market forces that have been well-identified in the literature, in the United States it was also a highly racialized process. We argue that residential segregation created a unique niche of poor minority clients who were differentially marketed risky subprime loans that were in great demand for use...