Project Nemo examines the cognitive processes and representational structures used by submarine Commanders while attempting to locate an enemy submarine hiding in deep water. In phase 2 we collected performance and protocol data from junior, mid-career, and senior submarine officers. The data support the conclusions from phase 1 (Gray, Kirschenbaum, & Ehret, 1997) that most AO actions can be ch...

Raised internal pressure in a distressed submarine increases the risk of bubble formation and decompression illness after submarine escape. The hypothesis that short periods of oxygen breathing before submarine escape would reduce decompression stress was tested, using Doppler-detectable venous gas emboli as a measure. Twelve goats breathed oxygen for 15 min at 0.1 MPa before exposure to a simu...

A “submarine patent” is one whose issuance and publication has been intentionally delayed by its inventor with the hope that firms will independently discover and come to rely on a similar innovation at some later time, at which point the inventor causes his patent to issue and claims infringement. Although submarine patents are harmful to an innovation-led economy, previous research has strugg...

The Cantabrian Fault is a long-lived crustal fault, 320 km long on land and extending more than 150 km seawards within the Bay of Biscay, which separates different geodynamic domains. Due to its sub-vertical dip and late strike slip movement is poorly evidenced in the shelf and it has been traditionally mapped following the strike of the deepest submarine canyon in the north Atlantic (~4.600 m ...

Submarine groundwater (SGD) is one of the most significant pathways for the exchange of groundwater and/or source of nutrients, metals and carbon to the ocean, subsequently cause deleterious impacts on the coastal ecosystems. Microorganisms have been recognized as the important participators in the biogeochemical processes in the SGD. In this study, by utilizing 16S rRNA-based Illumina Miseq se...

Wave formation and propagation due to submarine landslides are complex phenomena that may be divided into four parts: Landslide dynamics, energy transfer from landslide motion to water motion, wave propagation in open water, and wave run-up along the shores. This paper focuses on the energy transfer from landslide motion to water motion, i.e. the generation of tsunamis by submarine landslides.

A submarine on patrol needs to know how far it can be detected by active sonar. In order for such sonar performance calculations to be useful the target strength (TS) of the submarine must be known. Measurements done in deep water indicate that TS can vary as much as 20 dB as a function of aspect angle. This corresponds to a doubling of the detection distance in a noise limited environment, and...

Channel systems at the distal limits of submarine fans show variability in channel size and bifurcation patterns. This information is useful in constraining channel properties in static reservoir models, e.g. the mean and range of values typical for channel dimensions, sinuosity, and branching angles. Criteria were evaluated that might help discriminate between deltas and submarine fans based o...

Oceanic forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet is believed to promote widespread thinning at tidewater glaciers, with submarine melting proposed as a potential trigger of increased glacier calving, retreat, and subsequent acceleration. The precise mechanism(s) driving glacier instability, however, remain poorly understood, and while increasing evidence points to the importance of submarine melting,...

The mystacial vibrissae of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) constitute a highly sensitive hydrodynamic receptor system enabling the seals to detect and follow hydrodynamic trails. In the wild, hydrodynamic trails, as generated by swimming fish, consist of cyclic burst-and-glide phases, associated with various differences in the physical parameters of the trail. Here, we investigated the impact of...